What is the difference between axonal conduction and synaptic transmission

What happens to neurotransmitters after synaptic transmission and why does this need to happen? Why is a chemical synaptic transmission unidirectional?

What are some reasons that synaptic transmissions might not work correctly? What channels in the presynaptic neuron open up in response to an action potential? The presence of what ion inside the cell causes the synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane? Does Cymbalta affects synaptic transmission? Some neurotransmitters are excitatory and depolarize the next cell, increasing the probability that an action potential will be fired. Others are inhibitory, causing the membrane of the next cell to hyperpolarize, thus decreasing the probability of that the next neuron will fire an action potential.

The process by which this information is communicated is called synaptic transmission and can be broken down into four steps. First, the neurotransmitter must be synthesized and stored in vesicles so that when an action potential arrives at the nerve ending, the cell is ready to pass it along to the next neuron. Next, when an action potential does arrive at the terminal, the neurotransmitter must be quickly and efficiently released from the terminal and into the synaptic cleft.

The neurotransmitter must then be recognized by selective receptors on the postsynaptic cell so that it can pass along the signal and initiate another action potential. Or, in some cases, the receptors act to block the signals of other neurons also connecting to that postsynaptic neuron.

After its recognition by the receptor, the neurotransmitter must be inactivated so that it does not continually occupy the receptor sites of the postsynaptic cell. Inactivation of the neurotransmitter avoids constant stimulation of the postsynaptic cell, while at the same time freeing up the receptor sites so that they can receive additional neurotransmitter molecules, should another action potential arrive.

Most neurotransmitters are specific for the kind of information that they are used to convey. As a result, a certain neurotransmitter may be more highly concentrated in one area of the brain than it is in another. In addition, the same neurotransmitter may elicit a variety of different responses based on the type of tissue being targeted and which other neurotransmitters, if any, are co-released. Plos Comput Biol. Callaway, E. In: The Visual Neurosciences Vol.

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